Factors Affecting Hypertension in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A National Cohort Study.

Volume 15 , Issue 2 , December 2025 , Pages 263-270

Authors

Evan Jalal 1 ; Dana Ahmed Sharif 2 ; Mostafa Hosseini 3

1 Department of Basic Science, College of Medicine, university of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq

2 Department of Clinical Science, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq

3 Department of clinical Science, College of Medicine, university of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq

DOI logo 10.17656/jsmc.10510

Keywords

Abstract

Background: Blood pressure fluctuations and their management are crucial issues in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Although recent studies have focused on blood pressure variability and control in these patients, factors contributing to hypertension have not been extensively investigated. Additionally, it is important to use statistical models capable of accounting for unmeasured influences from dialysis centers that may affect blood pressure increases.

Objective: This study aimed to identify factors influencing hypertension in continuous ambulatory PD patients in Iran. It also compared the performance of two shared frailty models, Gamma and non-parametric, in analyzing these factors.

Material and Methods: A retrospective cohort design was employed, utilizing data from 700 PD patients from various provinces across Iran. Shared frailty survival models were employed to analyze the data, and the effects of variables were expressed as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results: By the end of the study, 400 patients (57%) had developed hypertension. Non-parametric frailty model showed that body mass index (BMI) significantly increased the risk of hypertension (HR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.07–1.29). Comorbidities also increased risk. Elevated creatinine, sodium, and fasting blood sugar were significant risk factors. Conversely, higher albumin levels showed a protective effect.

Conclusion: Factors including BMI, comorbidities, creatinine, sodium, and fasting blood sugar significantly increase hypertension risk among PD patients, while higher albumin may be protective. Close monitoring and management of these factors are essential for preventing and controlling hypertension in this patient population

Statistics
  • Article view499
  • Downloads13
  • First online21 December 2025
  • Published at21 December 2025

  • RIS
  • BibTeX
  • EndNote
  • Mendeley
  • APA (7th edition)
  • MLA (9th edition)
  • Chicago
  • Harvard
  • IEEE
  • Vancouver