Impact of a Standard Education Program on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Volume 15 , Issue 2 , December 2025 , Pages 227-234

Authors

Mohammed Ahmed Mohammed Al Jaf 1 ; Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari 2

1 University of Sulaimani/ College of Medicine/ Clinical Science Branch

2 Clinical Science Branch, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani

DOI logo 10.17656/jsmc.10506

Keywords

Abstract

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health concern, with suboptimal glycemic control and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors contributing to disease progression and complications. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a structured education program on glycemic control, lipid profile, and lifestyle behaviors among Kurdish patients with T2DM.

Methods: A quasi-experimental pre- and post-test study was conducted at the Diabetes and Endocrinology Center in Sulaimani. Seventy-Nine adult patients with T2DM were recruited, with 68 completing the study. Participants attended 12 weekly group education sessions based on ADA guidelines. Data on HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, anthropometrics, physical activity (IPAQ-SF), and dietary habits (24-hour recall, FFQ) were collected at baseline and four months post-intervention.

Results: Significant improvements were observed post-intervention: mean HbA1c decreased from 8.18 ± 1.35% to 7.26 ± 0.80% (mean difference 1.55 ± 0.96, P<0.001); FBG from 161.29 ± 28.58 mg/dL to 130.03 ± 16.89 mg/dL (P<0.001); total cholesterol from 207.22 ± 52.88 mg/dL to 190.12 ± 49.31 mg/dL (P<0.001); and BMI from 28.82 ± 3.56 to 28.30 ± 3.37 kg/m² (P<0.001). Physical activity and dietary adherence improved significantly (P<0.001). Higher dietary recall and food frequency scores correlated with lower HbA1c (r = -0.307, P=0.011; r = -0.350, P=0.003, respectively).

Conclusion: A structured education program significantly improved glycemic control, lipid profile, physical activity, and dietary behaviors in Iraqi patients with T2DM. Nutritional education and lifestyle interventions are essential for effective diabetes management.

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  • First online21 December 2025
  • Published at21 December 2025

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