THE SCROTAL COLOUR DOPPLER ULTRASOUND FINDINGS IN INFERTILE MEN FROM 2014 TO 2017 IN SULAYMANIYAH/ IRAQ

Volume 13 , Issue 4 , July 2025 , Pages 379-387

Authors

Baqi Rahim Rasul 1

1 Shaheed Hemin Teaching Hospital Sulaymaniyah Health Directorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

DOI logo 10.17656/jsmc.10432

Keywords

Abstract

Background
Male factor infertility is an increasing clinical problem. The use of Colour Doppler Ultrasonography (CDUS)
in a noninvasive imaging technique can help diagnose testicular and extra-testicular abnormalities, especially
in patients presented; CDUS is one of the best imaging modality choices in infertility evaluation.
Objective
To determine the capability of the CDUS in identifying the cause of male infertility.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed on 309 infertile males referred from Infertility Center /Sulaimani City/
Iraq; the study extended from the year 2014 till the end of 2017. Colour Doppler Ultrasound of the scrotum
and its contents was done for each participant in the study group to allocate the possible cause of infertility for
each of them. Siemens Acuson X 300- 2010 Ultrasound machine was used for scrotal examination; the type of
probe is a linear probe with frequency VF 10-5 MHz.
Results
The Colour Doppler Ultrasound of the scrotum detected the presence of abnormal fi ndings in 266/309 (86%)
of infertile men; six abnormalities were identifi ed, these are in descending frequency: varicocele 143/309
(46%), thick epididymis in 99/309 (32%) of patients, testicular atrophy in 73/309 (23%) of patients, thick
spermatic cord in 28/309 (9%), and cystic transformation of rete testes which was present in 17 (5.5 %) cases.
Conclusion
Scrotal Colour Doppler ultrasound is an effective, safe, and easy method to detect the leading causes of male
factor infertility; it can detect varicocele, thick epididymis, thick spermatic cord, testicular atrophy, cystic
transformation of rete testes, or undescended testicle. It would be very benefi cial if all male patients with
infertility undergo ultrasonic examination of their scrotum. 

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  • First online26 July 2025
  • Published at26 July 2025

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