CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING SURVIVAL OUTCOMES OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER PATIENTS TREATED AT A SINGLE TERTIARY RADIOTHERAPY CENTER IN IRAQ

Volume 13 , Issue 2 , July 2025 , Pages 171-181

Authors

Redeer Adnan Mikaeil 1 ; Kamal Ahmad Saeed 2 ; Nyan Othman Saeed 3

1 Radiation Oncology, Zhianawa Cancer Center, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

2 College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani. Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

3 a Radiation Oncology, Zhianawa Cancer Center, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

DOI logo 10.17656/jsmc.10410

Keywords

Abstract

Background
Carcinoma of the oesophagus is one of the top ten most prevalent and aggressive types of cancer worldwide.
Objectives
To determine the clinicopathological factors affecting the survival of oesophagal cancer.
Patients and Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted retrospectively on 97 patients with oesophagal cancer in a single
radiotherapy cancer centre in Sulaimaniyah City, Kurdistan region of Iraq, from 2010 to 2021.
Results
The mean age of the patients was 68.4 ± 12.2, ranging from 29 to 90 years old. The major histology was
squamous cell carcinoma (89%), and pathological grade II disease was more prevalent (53%). Males and
females were equally affected (50% for each gender). At presentation, a larger number of the patients were
located in the lower (N=30) and mid (N=29) oesophagus. Stage III was the most common presenting stage
(45.7%). The median follow-up time was 14 months. The 12-month and 18-month survival rates were 58.6%
and 34.6%, respectively. There was a significantly better survival outcome for patients with grade 1 disease
than higher grades, especially grade 2 (p value= 0.01). Chemoradiation showed significantly improved survival
benefits compared with RT alone (p value= 0.03) and tri-modality therapy.
Conclusion
The most significant factors affecting 18-month actual survival in oesophagal cancer are tumour biology
characteristics, especially low tumour grade, and chemoradiotherapy without surgery.

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  • First online26 July 2025
  • Published at26 July 2025

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