PREVALENCE RATE OF ESBL AMONG ENTEROBACTERIACEAE ISOLATED FROM UTI PATIENTS IN SULAIMANI PROVINCE

Volume 13 , Issue 2 , July 2025 , Pages 117-125

Authors

Azhi Sarbast Abdalrahman 1 ; Khanda Abdullateef Anwar 2

1 Razga Company, Sulaimani City, 46001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

2 Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

DOI logo 10.17656/jsmc.10404

Keywords

Abstract

Background
Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase are enzymes that provide resistance against third-and fourth generation
Cephalosporins and Monobactams, and they are distributed among the Enterobacteriaceae family.
Objectives
To describe the prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase among Enterobacteriaceae causing urinary
tract infections in Sulaimani province.
Patients and Methods
One hundred bacterial isolates of Enterobacteriaceae from patients with urinary tract infections attending
Smart Hospital (inpatients and outpatients). Urine samples were inoculated onto different culture media. Colony
morphology, gram staining, and BD Phoenix™ system were used for bacterial identification. Antibiotic profile
and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase were observed phenotypically by antibiotic profile results, double disk
synergy test, and confirmed by combined disk test methods and BD Phoenix™ system.
Results
Out of one hundred isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli was the commonest isolate (89), followed
by Klebsiella pneumoniae (10) and one isolate of Proteus mirabilis. According to the antibiotic profile, the
most effective antibiotic among all three isolates was Imipenem and Nitrofurantoin, while the most resistant
antibiotic was Nalidixic acid and third generation Cephalosporin. The prevalence rate of Extended-Spectrum
β-Lactamase -producing Enterobacteriaceae was 69% by the screening tests and 48% by the confirmatory
tests
Conclusion
In this study, Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase prevalence was shown to be at an alarming rate that must
be considered. The high priority of public health justifies further investigation to properly establish annual
surveillance systems that can aid in selecting an appropriate antibiotic upon ESBL detection.

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  • First online26 July 2025
  • Published at26 July 2025

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