EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BREAST CANCER PATIENTS ABOUT MENSTRUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE FACTORS IN SULAIMANI CITY

Volume 14 , Issue 1 , March 2024 , Pages 123-134

Authors

Kozheen Othman Omar 1 ; Bushra Mohammed Ali 2

1 University of Polytechnic, Ministry of Higher Educati on, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

2 Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.

DOI logo 10.17656/jsmc.10458

Keywords

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer is the most common disease in women globally and the main reason for cancer-related deaths
among Iraqi women, making it a serious global public health concern. It is the most prevalent type of cancer
among women in Sulaimani City
Objective
To determine the potential reproductive and menstrual cycle risk factors associated with breast cancer.
Methodology
This hospital-based case-control study was carried out through face-to-face interviews at Hiwa Hospital, the
Shar Teaching Hospital, and the Shar Hospital Breast Cancer Centre (Mammography Centre). A sample of
310 participants was conveniently selected; 110 patients with confi rmed breast cancer (cases) and 200 women
without breast cancer were considered a healthy control group. Data analysis was performed using SPSS
version 26. Statistical signifi cance was determined using the Chi-square test and odds ratios (OR). A p-value
of ≤0.05 was considered statistically signifi cant.
Results
 According to our result, a mother age of primigravida above 30 years old is nearly fi fteen times more likely to
get breast cancer OR =15.62, 95% CI: (3.84-47.41) P value <0.001. Shorter days in a period, particularly those
lasting fewer than four days, are connected to an elevated risk of breast cancer OR =25.38, 95% CI:(2.72-236.7)
P- value=0.005. Using birth control pills has been linked to a markedly increased risk of breast cancer, with
an estimated odd ratio (OR) =4.24, 95% CI:(1.88-20.32) P-value=0.05. Then menarche, the menstrual cycle’s
regularity, menopause, Parity, miscarriage, HRT (Hormonal replacement therapy), and PMS (premenstrual
syndrome) have no association with breast cancer.
Conclusion
The mother’s age in primigravida is more than 30 years, hormonal birth control pills, and menstrual cycles of
short duration are signifi cant risk factors associated with breast cancer.

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  • Published at21 March 2024

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